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-
- SDR Working Group Deborah Estrin
- INTERNET DRAFT Daniel Zappala
- USC
- Tony Li
- cisco Systems
- 6/22/93
- Revision 0
- Expiration Date: 12/31/93
-
-
- Source Demand Routing:
- Route Setup
-
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working
- draft" or "work in progress".
-
-
- 1 Introduction
-
-
- This document is a supplement to the internet draft "Source Demand
- Routing: Packet Format and Forwarding Specification" [1]. The initial
- specification in [1] includes a full SDRP route in every data packet
- sent. In some cases, commonly known as "flows", where the duration
- of a packet stream is significantly longer than the end-to-end
- round-trip delay, and particularly where the amount of payload in the
- packet is small, it is worthwhile to "set up" the SDRP route by
- saving state information in SDRP routers, instead of carrying the
- full SDRP route in every packet. Once this state is established, the
- source can use a route identifier to refer to the SDRP route rather
- than carrying the full route in each data packet, thereby reducing
- the SDRP packet header size and transmission time.
-
-
- 2 Protocol Overview
-
-
- It is important to our architecture that we not impose setup on SDRP
- routers that are short on state space or that otherwise restrict
- setup. Therefore, the desire for setup is simply flagged by the
- source, and the routers along the SDRP route may choose to accept or
- reject the request. If all of the routers along the SDRP route
- accept, then the source can begin using a route identifier to refer
- to the saved state. If any router refuses setup, the source must
- continue including the full source route in each data packet or else
- try a different route.
-
- When a router rejects a setup request, it sends an SDRP control
- message containing the route identifier to the source. Control
- messages are also used in this manner if a router loses or is missing
- state for a particular route identifier. When a router accepts a
- setup request, it continues forwarding the request along the SDRP
- route. Successful route setup is indicated when the final router on
- the SDRP route sends an SDRP probe containing the route identifier to
- the source.
-
-
- 3 SDRP Packet format
-
-
- The following diagram is reproduced from [1] and describes the format
- of an SDRP packet. Below we describe several new Source Route
- Protocol Types and extensions to any other fields necessary to
- support these types. All other fields are as described in [1].
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Ver |D|S|P| | Hop Count |SourceProtoType| Payload Type |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Source Route Identifier |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Target Router |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Prefix |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | PrefixLength | Notification |SrcRouteLength | NextHopPtr |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Source Route ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Payload ....
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- Source Route Protocol Type (1 octet)
-
- The Source Route Protocol Type field indicates the type of information
- that appears in the source route. The value 1 in this field indicates
- an "Explicit Source Route." The source route is included explicitly
- and processed as described in [1]. The value 2 in this field
- indicates "Route Setup." The source route is included explicitly and
- route setup is performed as described in this document. The value 3
- in this field indicates "Use Setup Route." The source route is not
- included in the packet and previously established route state should
- be used as described in this document.
-
- Notification Code (1 octet)
-
- This field is only meaningful in control packets. In data
- packets, this field is transmitted as zero, and should be ignored
- on receipt. This document adds the following values for the
- Notification Code:
-
- 8 - Setup Request Rejected
-
- 9 - Setup State Missing
-
-
- 4 Requesting SDRP Setup
-
-
- A source originating SDRP packets requests SDRP setup by setting the Source
- Route Protocol Type to "Route Setup," setting the Probe Indicator bit to 1,
- and setting all other fields as described in [1]. The source MAY wait a
- full round-trip time for a response to the setup request, in the meantime
- sending subsequent packets with the Source Route Protocol type set as
- "Explicit Source Route." There is no limit, however, to the number or
- frequency of setup requests, thus the source MAY send another "Route
- Setup".
-
- A source MAY choose to send packets with a Source Route Protocol Type of
- "Use Setup Route" immediately after sending the setup request. This may be
- useful if the packets will be useless after waiting a full round-trip time.
- In this case, the packets will be delivered if the setup is successful, but
- may be dropped otherwise.
-
- The control messages sent by routers to indicate the status of
- a setup request are described in section 6.
-
-
- 5 Forwarding SDRP Setup Requests
-
-
- If the Source Route Protocol Type of a packet is "Explicit Source
- Route," it is handled as described in [1].
-
- If the Source Route Protocol Type of a packet is "Use Setup Route," the
- router accesses the source route forwarding cache containing the necessary
- forwarding information, as described in section 7. The router SHOULD use
- this information to modify the destination address of the delivery header
- and send the packet to the next hop. If no forwarding information is
- found, then the router MAY send a control message with a Notification Code
- of "Setup State Missing" to the source of the SDRP packet. Because the
- source may be attempting to send many packets before receiving notification
- of a successful setup request, the router MAY send notification of a
- dropped packet only periodically.
-
- If the Source Route Protocol Type of a packet is "Route Setup" and the
- router does not or cannot support setup, the router MAY send the
- source a control packet with a Notification Code of "Setup Request
- Rejected." It MAY then modify the data packet so that the Source Route
- Protocol Type is "Explicit Source Route" and the Probe Indicator bit
- is 0, then forwards the packet as described in [1]. The router MAY
- send notification of a failed setup request only periodically.
- Alternately, a router MAY silently drop the "Route Setup" packet.
-
- If the Source Route Protocol Type of a packet is "Route Setup" and the
- router can accept the setup, and there is no matching route in its source
- route forwarding cache, then the router SHOULD process the explicit source
- route according to [1]. In addition, if the router is not the last hop of
- the source route, it creates an entry in the source route forwarding cache
- using the source address of the delivery header and the Source Route
- Identifier as a key. This entry contains the forwarding information
- obtained when processing the source route. The packet is then forwarded to
- the next SDRP router. If the router is the last hop of the source route,
- it forwards the payload packet and responds to the Probe Indicator bit as
- described in [1]. This will return a control message with a Notification
- Code of "Probe Completed" and a Source Route Protocol Type of "Route Setup"
- to the source of the packet.
-
-
- 6 Processing Control Messages
-
-
- If the source receives a control message with a Notification Code
- of "Probe Completed" and the Source Route Protocol Type set to
- "Route Setup," then the SDRP route has been successfully
- established. The source MAY send subsequent data packets with
- the Source Route Protocol Type set to "Use Setup Route," omitting
- the source route and setting all other fields as described in [1].
-
- If the source receives a control message with a Notification Code of "Setup
- Request Rejected," the source must send data packets with an explicit
- source route or try an alternate route. The source MAY retry the setup.
-
- In general, setup rejections should be weighted more heavily than setup
- accepts. In this way, if a path is flopping between two different SDRP
- routers in one domain, where one router is full and generates rejects and
- the other generates accepts, then the source will tend to use the router
- that accepts the setup route.
-
-
- 7 Source Route Forwarding Cache
-
-
- The setup state maintained by each SDRP router contains any information
- necessary to forward packets along a stable route. In addition to the
- NEXT_ROUTER or NEXT_DI discovered when processing the explicit source
- route, the forwarding information may include the NEXT_HOP, MODE, and
- changes to the Loose/Strict Source Route bit, so that the NEXT_HOP
- calculation can be periodically refreshed. The delivery source address and
- Source Route Identifier serve as a key to this cache.
-
- Each entry in the cache can be timed out at any time, and SHOULD
- be timed out after long idle periods. The particular policy used
- for timing out cache entries depends on the router.
-
-
- 8 References
-
-
- [1] Estrin, D., Li, T., Rekhter, Y., Zappala, D., Source Demand Routing:
- Packet Format and Forwarding Specification (Version 1), work in progress
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